The Office of Graduate Medical Education provides academic sponsorship of all graduate medical education programs of the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, and administers those programs based at Truman Medical Center and Saint Luke's Hospital of Kansas City.

The School of Medicine and its affiliated hospitals offer 15 different residency and 22 subspecialty residency programs in both adult and pediatric medicine. Each program has been tailored to incorporate the key elements of hands-on clinical experience, didactic teaching, research, and professional and peer interaction into a clinical environment ideal for developing the techniques to become a competent, skilled physician.

Five highly respected area hospitals form the core of the UMKC program. Each affiliated hospital is unique, offering residents exposure to diverse patient cultures and to clinical settings ranging from those found in a large regional referral institution to the city's original public hospital, to a major pediatric medical center. The locales range from urban core to rural, yet all are in proximity to the UMKC School of Medicine. Depending on the program selected, residents may rotate through one of more of these institutions, gaining exposure to a wide variety of patients.

All residency and fellowship programs are accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.